Efficacy and safety of drugs in residual cardiovascular risk: A systematic review of the literature

Mario Andres Hernandez-Sómerson, Fernando Montoya-Agudelo, Gustavo Huertas-Rodriguez

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs in the residual risk in any of its three components: lipid, inflammatory and thrombotic risk.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted of randomized clinical trials that included as a primary outcome, at least one of the conditions related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The databases used were PUBMED/MEDLINE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool.

RESULTS: and discussion: 18 studies were included in the analysis. Half of the studies had low risk of bias or some concerns. Several drugs were effective in reducing the primary outcome: ethyl eicosapentaenoeic acid (17.2 % E-EPA versus 22 % placebo HR: 0.75; 95 % CI 0.68-0.83; p < 0.001), colchicine in stable coronary artery disease (6.8 % vs placebo 9.6 %, HR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.57-0.83; p < 0.001), Canakinumab (150 mg vs placebo ARR 15 %, HR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.74-0.98; p = 0.021) and Rivaroxaban with Aspirin in stable atherosclerotic disease (4.1 % versus aspirin 5.4 %, HR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.66-0.86, P < 0.001). Serious adverse events did not differ between study groups, except for a higher rate of bleeding with the use of combination antithrombotic therapy.

CONCLUSION: The residual risk can be reduced through the use of different drugs that act by modifying atherogenic lipid levels, modulating inflammatory pathways and the risk of thrombosis, with an acceptable safety profile in most studies.

Original languageEnglish
Article number200298
Pages (from-to)200298
JournalInternational Journal of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
Volume22
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2024

Keywords

  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Residual cardiovascular risk

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