La vida después de la caída: Una revisión de alcance de fracturas de cadera en centenarios

Introduction: The increase in life expectancy poses medical challenges, particularly in centenarians with hip fractures. This scoping review examines mortality, complications, hospitalization duration, and quality of life in centenarian patients with this condition, considering risk factors, functionality, and mortality. Materials and methods: A scopingeview was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases (January 2000 - January 2024). Two researchers reviewed articles to determine their eligibility. Inclusion criteria comprised studies with a population aged ≥100 years and hip fracture. Exclusion criteria considered samples without age differentiation, fewer than five patients, and those focused on anesthetic interventions. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes included risk factors, comorbidities, functionality, and quality of life. Following the literature review, the SIGN methodology was applied to assess the quality of the articles. Results: Comorbidities such as heart failure, osteoporosis, anemia, cardiovascular disease, and dementia contribute to increased post-fracture mortality, making the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) a valuable tool for estimating survival. The average hospital stay varies between 9.5 and 23 days. Most centenarians experience a significant decline in functionality and independence following a fracture, which is associated with high mortality rates, reaching 27,1 % at 30 days and 61.2 % at one year. Conclusions: A comprehensive and individualized approach to care, along with prevention, early intervention, appropriate treatment, and post-intervention recovery, are crucial for optimizing the functionality and quality of life of these patients. Tools such as the Parker scale may be useful in assessing and monitoring mobility in this population.